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(; ) is a fictional character in the ''Mario'' video game franchise, created by Nintendo's Japanese video game designer, Shigeru Miyamoto. Serving as the company's mascot and the eponymous protagonist of the series, Mario has appeared in over 200 video games since his creation. Depicted as a short, pudgy, Italian plumber who resides in the Mushroom Kingdom, his adventures generally center upon rescuing Princess Peach from the Koopa villain Bowser. His younger brother is Luigi. The ''Mario'' franchise is the best-selling video game franchise of all time.〔 Over 210 million units of the overall ''Mario'' series of games have been sold. Outside of the ''Super Mario'' platform series, other ''Mario'' genres include the ''Mario Kart'' racing series, sports games such as the ''Mario Tennis'' and ''Mario Golf'' series, role-playing games such as ''Super Mario RPG'' and ''Paper Mario'', and educational games such as ''Mario Is Missing!'' and ''Mario's Time Machine''. The franchise has branched into several mediums, including television shows, film, comics and licensed merchandise. Since 1995, Mario has been voiced by Charles Martinet. ==Concept and creation== Shigeru Miyamoto created Mario while developing ''Donkey Kong'' in an attempt to produce a best-selling video game for Nintendo; previous titles like ''Sheriff'' had not achieved the same success as titles like ''Pac-Man''. Originally, Miyamoto wanted to create a video game that used the characters Popeye, Bluto, and Olive Oyl.〔 At the time, however, Miyamoto was unable to acquire a license to use the characters (and would not until 1982), so he ended up making Jumpman (later known as Mario), Donkey Kong, and Pauline.〔 In the early stages of ''Donkey Kong'', Mario was unable to jump, and the focus was to escape a maze. However, Miyamoto enabled Mario to jump, saying "If you had a barrel rolling towards you, what would you do?" Miyamoto originally named the character "Mr. Video", and he was to be used in every video game Miyamoto developed. According to a widely circulated story, during localization of ''Donkey Kong'' for North American audiences, Nintendo of America's warehouse landlord Mario Segale confronted his then-president Minoru Arakawa, demanding back rent. Following a heated argument in which the Nintendo employees eventually convinced Segale he would be paid, they opted to name the character in the game Mario after him. Miyamoto commented that if he had named Mario "Mr. Video", Mario likely would have "disappeared off the face of the Earth."〔 By Miyamoto's own account, Mario's profession was chosen to fit with the game design. Since Donkey Kong was set on a construction site, Mario was made into a carpenter. When he appeared again in ''Mario Bros.'', it was decided he should be a plumber, since a lot of the game is played in underground settings. Mario's character design, particularly his large nose, draws on western influences; once he became a plumber, Miyamoto decided to "put him in New York" and make him Italian,〔 lightheartedly attributing Mario's nationality to his mustache. Other sources have Mario's profession chosen to be carpenter in an effort to depict the character as an ordinary hard worker, and make it easier for players to identify with him.〔Arakawa, Minoru (1991). Mario Mania. Nintendo. pp. 30-32. ASIN B000BPL42C.〕 After a colleague suggested that Mario more closely resembled a plumber, Miyamoto changed Mario's profession accordingly and developed ''Mario Bros.'',〔 featuring the character in the sewers of New York City.〔Grajqevci, Jeton (2000-10-09). (Profile: Shigeru Miyamoto ). N-Sider. Retrieved on 2009-05-06〕 Due to the graphical limitations of arcade hardware at the time, Miyamoto clothed the character in red overalls and a blue shirt to contrast against each other and the background. A red cap was added to let Miyamoto avoid drawing the character's hairstyle, forehead, and eyebrows, as well as to circumvent the issue of animating his hair as he jumped.〔 To make him appear human onscreen despite his small size, Mario was given distinct features, prominently a large nose and a mustache, which avoided the need to draw a mouth and facial expressions on the small onscreen character.〔Rao, Anjali (2007-02-15). (Sigeru Miyamao Talk Asia interview ). CNN. Retrieved on 2009-02-28〕 Miyamoto developed Mario with the idea of using him as a "go to" character that could be put into any title as needed, albeit in cameo appearances, as at the time Miyamoto was not expecting Mario to become popular.〔 To this end, he originally called the character "Mr. Video", comparing his intent to have Mario appear in later games to the cameos done by Alfred Hitchcock within Hitchcock's films. Over time, Mario's appearance has become more defined; blue eyes, white gloves, brown shoes, a red "M" in a white circle on the front of his hat and gold buttons on his overalls have been added. The colors of his shirt and overalls were also reversed from a blue shirt with red overalls to a red shirt with blue overalls. Miyamoto attributed this process to the different development teams and artists for each game as well as advances in technology as time has gone on.〔 Nintendo has never revealed Mario's full name, stating only that it was not "Mario Mario" despite the implication of the ''Mario Bros.'' series' title, its use in the live-action film adaptation, and information given in the Prima official Guidebook to ''Mario and Luigi: Superstar Saga''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mario」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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